Jewish members had a higher chance of resigning they were probably less dependent on the diamond industry in Amsterdam due to their better opportunities We analysed the information from their membership cards with the use of event historyĪnalysis to examine which members had a higher chance of resigning, and who had a higher chance of being expelled from the membership list. In this article we focus on the importance of different types of connectedness within this union and sector and the duration of membership in the period 1898-1913 for a random sample of 817 members. The large majority of the workers in the diamond sector becameĪ member. Among these newly established organisations was the General Dutch Diamond Workers’ Union (ANDB). With the industrialisation of the Netherlands connections between people changed and new organisations were founded. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s1068-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This sheds light on demographic consequences of conflict and violence: Nazi persecution reduced the Amsterdam Jewish community drastically, and socio-demographic differences in survival impacted the post-war Jewish population structure. These findings indicate that survival was not random but related to socio-demographic characteristics.
Jews in the two highest social classes had better survival chances than jobless Jews.
Divorced, widowed and unmarried adult Jews had better survival chances than married Jews and their children Jews married to non-Jews, however, had one of the highest survival chances. Jews who had abandoned Judaism had better survival chances than Jews belonging to an Israelite congregation. German Jews showed better survival chances than Dutch Jews, but Polish and other Jewish nationals showed highest survival chances. Immigrants showed better survival chances than native Jews. For Jews aged 0–5, it was the other way around. Though Jews aged 6–14 and 31–50 initially had a lower risk of death, in the end compared with Jews aged 15–30 they had lower survival chances, just as Jews aged 50+. While male Jews had a reduced risk of death, in the end their survival chances hardly differed from females. Differences in survival chances and risk of being killed are examined by using multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses.
#HACK PACK DOWNLOAD REGISTRATION#
After linking a registration list of over 77,000 Jewish inhabitants in 1941 to post-war lists of Jewish victims and survivors, the victimisation rate lies between 74.3 and 75.3 %. This study determined the victimisation rate among Amsterdam Jews and socio-demographic differences in surviving the Holocaust. In 1942/1943, risk differences markedly attenuated likely indicating increased fear of Nazis among all Jews. married) showed higher risk.ĬONCLUSIONS In 1940, immigrants’ higher suicide risk likely indicates greater fear of Nazis while religious affiliation’s lower risk might indicate a protective effect of religious belief. 14) and suicide attenuated Jews in managerial/professional occupations (cf. 001) while those living in high synagogue rate neighborhoods showed no increased risk (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.30–1.11, p =. Jews living in low synagogue rate neighborhoods showed higher risk compared to those living in neighborhoods without any synagogues (OR 2.48, 95%CI 1.65–3.72, p <. previously married) showed higher suicide risk members of Israelite Congregations (cf. Conditional logistic regression was applied, stratified by time period. Suicide was compared across migrant, occupational, marital, and religious status and neighborhood religiosity. The added suicides after the Nazi-invasion (1940, n = 115) and the suicides when deportation trains ran (1942/1943, n = 182) were each matched to 25 controls using sex and age. METHODS Nazi-registration of Amsterdam residents of Jewish origin in 1941 linked to death and suicide lists. This research investigated risk factors for dying from suicide according to sociodemographic characteristics, local context, and time periods.
OBJECTIVE Jewish suicides increased heavily under Nazi-rule.
0 kommentar(er)
